E-Government and the Metaverse: Opportunities, Challenges and Digital Innovations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31334/ijsscs.v1i1.4478Keywords:
e-government, digital transformation, digital literacy, blockchain, Metaverse, regulation.Abstract
This research explores metaverse technology's potential, challenges, and innovations in electronic government (e-government). The study analyzed articles published between 2021 and 2024 and identified that metaverse technology can improve accessibility, transparency, and public participation through interactive platforms such as virtual city halls and digital twins. In addition, blockchain technology with a "zero trust" approach offers better data security, thereby increasing user trust in digital services.However, the study also found significant challenges, including infrastructure gaps, low digital literacy, and a lack of mature regulatory frameworks, especially in developing countries. This study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, providing digital literacy training, and developing an adaptive legal framework involving cross-sector collaboration to answer these challenges. The study concludes that the Metaverse has great potential to revolutionize e-government by creating more efficient, transparent, and inclusive public services. However, its successful implementation requires a comprehensive strategic approach. These findings make an important contribution to developing theory and practice related to the digital transformation of government.References
Al-Ghaili, A. M., Kasim, H., Al-Hada, N. M., Hassan, Z. Bin, Othman, M., Tharik, J. H., Kasmani, R. Md., & Shayea, I. (2022). A Review of Metaverse’s Definitions, Architecture, Applications, Challenges, Issues, Solutions, and Future Trends. IEEE Access, 10, 125835–125866. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3225638
Allcoat, D., Hatchard, T., Azmat, F., Stansfield, K., Watson, D., & von Mühlenen, A. (2021). Education in the Digital Age: Learning Experience in Virtual and Mixed Realities. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(5), 795–816. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120985120
Aristovnik, A., KovaÄ, P., Murko, E., RavÅ¡elj, D., Umek, L., Bohatá, M., Hirsch, B., Schäfer, F.-S., & TomaževiÄ, N. (2021). The Use of ICT by Local General Administrative Authorities during COVID-19 for a Sustainable Future: Comparing Five European Countries. Sustainability, 13(21), 11765. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111765
Bibri, S. E. (2022). The Social Shaping of the Metaverse as an Alternative to the Imaginaries of Data-Driven Smart Cities: A Study in Science, Technology, and Society. Smart Cities, 5(3), 832–874. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030043
Chow, Y.-W., Susilo, W., Li, Y., Li, N., & Nguyen, C. (2022). Visualization and Cybersecurity in the Metaverse: A Survey. Journal of Imaging, 9(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9010011
Dang, V. A., Vu Khanh, Q., Nguyen, V.-H., Nguyen, T., & Nguyen, D. C. (2023). Intelligent Healthcare: Integration of Emerging Technologies and Internet of Things for Humanity. Sensors, 23(9), 4200. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094200
Dema, H., Hamid, H., & Barisan, B. (2023). Transformational Leadership in Supporting Innovative Digital Governance. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.v14i1.13528
Dyudikova, E. I. (2023). THE ASYMMETRIC PERCEPTION OF THE MODERNIZATION OF MONEY TURNOVER IN THE VECTOR OF CHANGING THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE. Intellect. Innovations. Investments, 3, 28–41. https://doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2023-3-28
Elsadig, M., Alohali, M. A., Ibrahim, A. O., & Abulfaraj, A. W. (2024). Roles of Blockchain in the Metaverse: Concepts, Taxonomy, Recent Advances, Enabling Technologies, and Open Research Issues. IEEE Access, 12, 38410–38435. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3367014
Fajar, M., David, D., Sihombing, P. R., Kekal, H. A., Aditya, I., Ilham, R., & Keswara, Y. S. (2022). The Metaverse to Enhance Safety Campaign toward Shipping Industry (Case Study: The Development and Implementation of Metaverse in Government-Owned Corporation). International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 12(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0822_01
Goldberg, M., & Schär, F. (2023). Metaverse governance: An empirical analysis of voting within Decentralized Autonomous Organizations. Journal of Business Research, 160(October 2022), 113764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113764
Gupta, A., Khan, H., Nazir, S., Shafiq, M., & Shabaz, M. (2023a). Metaverse Security: Issues, Challenges and a Viable ZTA Model. Electronics, 12(2), 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020391
Gupta, A., Khan, H. U., Nazir, S., Shafiq, M., & Shabaz, M. (2023b). Metaverse Security: Issues, Challenges and a Viable ZTA Model. Electronics, 12(2), 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020391
Huang, Y., Li, Y. J., & Cai, Z. (2023). Security and Privacy in Metaverse: A Comprehensive Survey. Big Data Mining and Analytics, 6(2), 234–247. https://doi.org/10.26599/BDMA.2022.9020047
Ilham, A. F. I., Uluputty, I., & Faqih, N. (2023). Digital Literacy for State Apparatus in Supporting Makassar City as a Metaverse City: Case Study at the Makassar City Communication and Informatics Office. Indonesian Journal of Librarianship, 90231, 135–150. https://doi.org/10.33701/ijolib.v4i2.3704
Jauhiainen, J. S., Krohn, C., & Junnila, J. (2022). Metaverse and Sustainability: Systematic Review of Scientific Publications until 2022 and Beyond. Sustainability, 15(1), 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010346
Jiang, Y., Kang, J., Niyato, D., Ge, X., Xiong, Z., Miao, C., & Shen, X. (2023). Reliable Distributed Computing for Metaverse: A Hierarchical Game-Theoretic Approach. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 72(1), 1084–1100. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2022.3204839
Jim, J. R., Hosain, Md. T., Mridha, M. F., Kabir, Md. M., & Shin, J. (2023). Toward Trustworthy Metaverse: Advancements and Challenges. IEEE Access, 11, 118318–118347. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3326258
Jobe, P. S., Yilmaz, M., Tüfekci, A., & Clarke, P. M. (2023). Exploring Metaverse-Based Digital Governance of Gambia: Obstacles, Citizen Perspectives, and Key Factors for Success. In Communications in Computer and Information Science: Vol. 1890 CCIS (pp. 72–83). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42307-9_6
Kılıçaslan, E., Arman Zengi, C., & Yücel, D. (2023). Consumption Culture in the Metaverse Economy as New Communication Technologies (ChatGPT Analysing). İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri AraÅŸtırmaları Dergisi, 12(5), 2480–2498. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1263285
Kostenko, O., Zhuravlov, D., Dniprov, O., & Korotiuk, O. (2023). METAVERSE: MODEL CRIMINAL CODE. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 9(4), 134–147. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-4-134-147
Kshetri, N., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Janssen, M. (2024). Metaverse for advancing government: Prospects, challenges and a research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 41(2), 101931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2024.101931
Li, C., Ip, H. H. S., Wong, Y. M., & Lam, W. S. (2020). An empirical study on using virtual reality for enhancing the youth’s intercultural sensitivity in Hong Kong. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(5), 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12432
Markus Weinberger, & Daniel Gross. (2023). A comparison of virtual worlds based on the metaverse maturity model. ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, 4(4), 537–548. https://doi.org/10.52953/REVF5378
Meenar, M., & Kitson, J. (2020). Using Multi-Sensory and Multi-Dimensional Immersive Virtual Reality in Participatory Planning. Urban Science, 4(3), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4030034
Mendoza Catagua, G. M., Veloz Zambrano, J. L., AlcÃvar Cedeño, A. K., & Moreira Zambrano, C. A. (2023). Information Security in the Metaverse: A Systematic and Prospective Review. Código CientÃfico Revista de Investigación, 4(2), 781–817. https://doi.org/10.55813/gaea/ccri/v4/n2/257
Naqvi, N. (2023). Metaverse for Public Good: Embracing the Societal Impact of Metaverse Economies. The Journal of The British Blockchain Association, 6(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-6-1-(6)2023
Nateghi, A., & Mosharraf, M. (2023). Architecting the Future: A Model for Enterprise Integration in the Metaverse. Journal of Metaverse, 3(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.57019/jmv.1355500
Nuryadin, R., Sobandi, A., & Santoso, B. (2023). Digital Leadership in the Public Sector-Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu Dan Praktek Administrasi, 20(1), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.31113/jia.v20i1.934
Othman, A., Chemnad, K., Hassanien, A. E., Tlili, A., Zhang, C. Y., Al-Thani, D., Altınay, F., Chalghoumi, H., S. Al-Khalifa, H., Obeid, M., Jemni, M., Al-Hadhrami, T., & Altınay, Z. (2024). Accessible Metaverse: A Theoretical Framework for Accessibility and Inclusion in the Metaverse. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 8(3), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti8030021
Pandey, D., & Gilmour, P. (2024). Accounting meets metaverse: navigating the intersection between the real and virtual worlds. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 22(2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-03-2023-0157
Park, S. M., & Kim, Y.-G. (2022). A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges. Ieee Access, 10, 4209–4251. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3140175
Park, S.-M., & Kim, Y.-G. (2022). A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 4209–4251. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3140175
Pislaru, M., Vlad, C. S., Ivascu, L., & Mircea, I. I. (2024). Citizen-Centric Governance: Enhancing Citizen Engagement through Artificial Intelligence Tools. Sustainability, 16(7), 2686. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072686
Pooyandeh, M., Han, K.-J., & Sohn, I. (2022). Cybersecurity in the AI-Based Metaverse: A Survey. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12993. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412993
Pripoaie, R., Schin, G.-C., & Matic, A.-E. (2024). Post-Pandemic Exploratory Analysis of the Romanian Public Administration Digitalization Level in Comparison to the Most Digitally Developed States of the European Union. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114652
Raad, H., & Rashid, F. K. M. (2023). The Metaverse: Applications, Concerns, Technical Challenges, Future Directions and Recommendations. IEEE Access, 11, 110850–110861. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3321650
Ritterbusch, G. D., & Teichmann, M. R. (2023). Defining the Metaverse: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Access, 11, 12368–12377. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3241809
Ryu, J., Son, S., Lee, J., Park, Y., & Park, Y. (2022). Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain. IEEE Access, 10, 98944–98958. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3206457
Å Ãmová, T., Zychová, K., & Fejfarová, M. (2024). Metaverse in the Virtual Workplace. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 28(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/09722629231168690
Sitnikov, M. S. (2024). Law and the Metaverse: Selected issues in theory and practice. Digital Law Journal, 4(3), 51–71. https://doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2023-4-3-2
Sukotjo, C., Schreiber, S., Li, J., Zhang, M., Chia-Chun Yuan, J., & Santoso, M. (2021). Development and Student Perception of Virtual Reality for Implant Surgery. Education Sciences, 11(4), 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040176
Tlili, A., Huang, R., Shehata, B., Liu, D., Zhao, J., Metwally, A. H. S., Wang, H., Denden, M., Bozkurt, A., Lee, L.-H., Beyoglu, D., Altinay, F., Sharma, R. C., Altinay, Z., Li, Z., Liu, J., Ahmad, F., Hu, Y., Salha, S., … Burgos, D. (2022). Is Metaverse in education a blessing or a curse: a combined content and bibliometric analysis. Smart Learning Environments, 9(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-022-00205-x
Vasilopoulou, C., Theodorakopoulos, L., & Giotopoulos, K. (2023). Big Data Analytics: A Catalyst for Digital Transformation in e-Government. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 45, 449–459. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v45i1.9134
Wang, F., Gai, Y., & Zhang, H. (2024). Blockchain user digital identity big data and information security process protection based on network trust. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 36(4), 102031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102031
Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2023). A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 319–352. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3202047
Yang, L. (2023). Recommendations for metaverse governance based on technical standards. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 253. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01750-7
Yusuf, M., Sophan, M. K., Muntasa, A., Alamsyah, N., Nakkas, H., & Sari, P. P. (2020). E-government learning media through augmented reality technology. Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application, 4(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.31763/businta.v4i1.258
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
Please find the rights and licenses in International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies. By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1.License
The commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution--ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2.Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3.User Rights
International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies, spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications.
4.Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies will only communicate with the corresponding author.
5.Miscellaneous
International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. International Journal of Social Science and Contemporary Studies editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.
Every accepted manuscript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication.