Implementasi Kebijakan Pendampingan Ekonomi Pascabencana: Studi Kasus Pasca Erupsi Gunung Anak Krakatau Tahun 2018 di Kabupaten Pandeglang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31334/s3hx2781Kata Kunci:
Implementasi Kebijakan, Pendampingan Ekonomi, Rehabilitasi, Rekonstruksi, Erupsi Anak KrakatauAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pendampingan ekonomi pascabencana tsunami akibat erupsi Gunung Anak Krakatau tahun 2018 di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Fokus kajian terletak pada pelaksanaan program pendampingan ekonomi serta identifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan dan kegagalan implementasi program bagi masyarakat terdampak. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi, dan observasi lapangan terhadap BNPB, BPBD, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, serta kelompok penerima manfaat. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan George C. Edwards III yang mencakup empat variabel: komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan belum sepenuhnya optimal. Hambatan utama mencakup lemahnya efektivitas komunikasi antar- stakeholder, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dan anggaran, sikap pelaksana yang beragam, serta struktur birokrasi yang terfragmentasi. Sebagian besar kelompok binaan mengalami stagnasi pasca intervensi, menandakan lemahnya keberlanjutan program. Faktor penghambat utama adalah ketiadaan pendamping lokal berinsentif, kompleksitas perubahan mata pencaharian pascarelokasi, dan lemahnya sinergi lintas sektor. Namun, terdapat pula praktik baik di sejumlah kelompok yang berhasil berkelanjutan berkat kombinasi dukungan institusional dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan komitmen lintas sektor, perbaikan mekanisme koordinasi, penyederhanaan prosedur birokrasi, serta pengembangan strategi insentif berkelanjutan guna memastikan efektivitas kebijakan pendampingan ekonomi pascabencana.
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