Transformasi Tata Kelola Lembaga Ekonomi Pedesaan: Studi Kasus Dinamika Kelembagaan di Desa Bioa Sengok
(Transformation of Rural Economic Institution Governance: A Case Study of Institutional Dynamics in Bioa Sengok Village)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31334/n4s4tb71Kata Kunci:
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa); Merah Putih Village Cooperative; Village social capital; Collaborative governance; Rural institutional transformation;Abstrak
Transformasi kelembagaan ekonomi perdesaan di Indonesia semakin kompleks seiring munculnya program Koperasi Desa Merah Putih yang berdampingan dengan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis transformasi tata kelola ekonomi perdesaan dalam dinamika kelembagaan antara BUM Desa yang belum optimal dan program Koperasi Desa Merah Putih. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus di Desa Bioa Sengok, Kabupaten Lebong. Data dikumpulkan melalui diskusi kelompok terarah dan dianalisis menggunakan pengodean terbuka, aksial, dan selektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat tahap transformasi, yaitu inisiasi, respons lokal, adaptasi, dan implementasi parsial, yang mencerminkan proses negosiasi antara kebijakan dari atas dan kapasitas adaptif masyarakat desa. Modal sosial, terutama kepercayaan dan norma komunal, menjadi faktor pendukung utama. Sebaliknya, ketidakpastian regulasi, keterbatasan administrasi, konflik kewenangan, dan lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor menjadi hambatan struktural. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan konsep transformasi kelembagaan ganda, yaitu perubahan dan interaksi simultan dua kelembagaan ekonomi dalam satu ekosistem perdesaan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya sinkronisasi kelembagaan, transformasi yang bertahap dan partisipatif, penguatan kapasitas multidimensi, serta pengakuan terhadap konteks kelembagaan lokal untuk mewujudkan tata kelola ekonomi perdesaan yang berkelanjutan.
Abstract
The transformation of rural economic institutions in Indonesia has become increasingly complex following the emergence of the Merah Putih Village Cooperative alongside existing Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). This study examines how rural economic governance transforms amid institutional dynamics between sub-optimal BUM Desa and the Merah Putih Village Cooperative programme. Using a qualitative case study in Bioa Sengok Village, Lebong District, data were collected through focus group discussions and analysed using open, axial, and selective coding. The findings identify four transformation phases: initiation, local response, adaptation, and partial implementation, reflecting continuous negotiation between top-down policy and local adaptive capacity. Strong social capital, particularly trust and communal norms, supported the process, while regulatory uncertainty, administrative limitations, authority conflicts, and weak cross-sectoral coordination constrained it. The study introduces the concept of dual institutional transformation, highlighting the simultaneous evolution and interaction of two rural economic institutions within a shared local ecosystem. It underscores the need for institutional synchronisation, participatory and gradual transformation, multidimensional capacity building, and recognition of local institutional contexts to strengthen sustainable rural economic governance.
Referensi
Alkadafi, M. (2014). Penguatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pengelolaan Kelembagaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa Menuju Asean Economic Community 2015. Jurnal EL-RIYASAH, 5(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.24014/jel.v5i1.656
Anggraeni, M. R. R. S. (2016). Peranan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes) Pada Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Pedesaan Studi Pada Bumdes Di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Modus, 28(2), 155. https://doi.org/10.24002/modus.v28i2.848
Ash-shidiqqi, E. A., & Indrastuti, L. (2022). Revitalisasi Kelembagaan Bumdes Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemandirian dan Ketahananan Desa. El-Wasathiya: Jurnal Studi Agama. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:277945019
Faedlulloh, D. (2018). BUMDes dan Kepemilikan Warga: Membangun Skema Organisasi Partisipatoris. Journal of Governance, 3(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.36451/jisip.v17i2.41
Hanafie, H., Nugraha, A., & Huda, M. (2022). Eksistensi BUMDes dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa (PAD) dan Penguatan Ekonomi Desa di Kecamatan Susukan, Kabupaten Cirebon, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi, 5(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.31334/transparansi.v5i1.1793
Herkules, H., Akita, A., Daryana, A. P., & Saragih, V. G. (2025). Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Aparatur Desa dalam Pembentukan Koperasi Desa Merah Putih di Desa Sena. SEWAGATI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:279922843
Hilda, H. H. S., Munazih, M., & Kunarti, S. (2025). Tinjauan Hukum Administrasi Negara Terhadap Pembentukan Koperasi Desa Merah Putih Melalui Instruksi Presiden. JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:279735683
Prasetyo, R. . A. (2016). Peranan Bumdes dalam Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Pejambon Kecamatan Sumberrejo Bojonegoro. Jurnal Dialektika, XI(1), 86–100.
Rohman, A. Z. F., & Prantama, M. B. (2023). Desain Kelembagaan BUMDES: Menelaah Kerangka Kerja Analisis dan Pengembangan Kelembagaan BUMDES Maju Bersama, Kabupaten Malang. Ijd-Demos, 5(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v5i1.397
Saptana, S., Wahyuni, S. D., & Pasaribu, S. M. (2013). Strategi Percepatan Transformasi Kelembagaan Gapoktan dan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Agribisnis dalam Memperkuat Ekonomi di Perdesaan. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:109974566
Saputra, D., Wibowo, M. E., & Rahmadiani, A. (2025). Analisis Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Syirkah Dalam Mentransformasi dan Merevitalisasi Koperasi Desa/Kelurahan Merah Putih (Kopdes MP): Telaah perspektif UU Perkoperasian Jo. UU Ciptakerja. Jurnal Hukum Dan HAM Wara Sains. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:279817304
Wisanggeni, S. P., Rejeki, S., Widyastuti, R. S., & Irawati, D. (2025). BUMDes, Macan Ompong Ekonomi Desa? (10). Kompas.Id. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/bumdes-banyak-berdiri-sedikit-yang-berdaya?open_from=Search_Result_Page
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Please find the rights and licenses in Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
- License
The commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi will only communicate with the corresponding author.
5. Miscellaneous
Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.
Every accepted manuscript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement"prior to the article publication.
