Implementasi Kebijakan Pendidikan Inklusif dalam Upaya Pemerataan Pendidikan di Provinsi Banten

Implementation of Inclusive Education Policies in Efforts to Promote Educational Equity in Banten Province

Abstract

Permasalahan utama dalam implementasi kebijakan pendidikan inklusif di Provinsi Banten adalah masih terbatasnya akses dan kualitas layanan pendidikan bagi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus, ketimpangan sarana dan prasarana antar wilayah, serta rendahnya kesiapan sumber daya manusia, khususnya guru dalam menerapkan pembelajaran inklusif . Kondisi ini berdampak pada belum optimalnya pemerataan pendidikan yang berkeadilan. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada pentingnya evaluasi implementasi kebijakan pendidikan inklusif sebagai upaya strategis untuk menjamin hak pendidikan bagi seluruh warga negara tanpa diskriminasi, sekaligus mendukung pencapaian tujuan pembangunan pendidikan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus di beberapa kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Banten. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi, dengan melibatkan pemangku kepentingan seperti dinas pendidikan, kepala sekolah, guru, dan orang tua siswa. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan pendidikan inklusif di Provinsi Banten telah berjalan namun belum optimal. Beberapa sekolah telah menerapkan praktik inklusif, namun masih terdapat kendala seperti kurangnya pelatihan guru, keterbatasan fasilitas pendukung, serta minimnya koordinasi antar lembaga. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya disparitas implementasi antar daerah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kapasitas guru, peningkatan dukungan anggaran, serta sinergi kebijakan lintas sektor guna mewujudkan pemerataan pendidikan yang inklusif dan berkeadilan di Provinsi Banten.

Abstract

The main issues in the implementation of inclusive education policies in Banten Province are the limited access and quality of educational services for students with special needs, the disparity in facilities and infrastructure between regions, and the low readiness of human resources, particularly teachers, in applying inclusive learning. This condition impacts the suboptimal equitable distribution of education. The urgency of this research lies in the importance of evaluating the implementation of inclusive education policies as a strategic effort to guaranty the right to education for all citizens without discrimination, while also supporting the achievement of inclusive and sustainable education development goals. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method in several regencies/cities in Banten Province. Data collection techniques were carried out thru in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies, involving stakeholders such as the education office, school principals, teachers, and parents. Data analysis was conducted descriptively using an interactive model. The research results indicate that the implementation of inclusive education policies in Banten Province has been underway but is not yet optimal. Some schools have implemented inclusive practices, but there are still obstacles such as a lack of teacher training, limited supporting facilities, and minimal coordination between institutions. In addition, disparities in implementation between regions have been found. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen teacher capacity, increase budget support, and create cross-sector policy synergies to achieve inclusive and equitable education in Banten Province.