Transformasi Tata Kelola Lembaga Ekonomi Pedesaan: Studi Kasus Dinamika Kelembagaan di Desa Bioa Sengok
(Transformation of Rural Economic Institution Governance: A Case Study of Institutional Dynamics in Bioa Sengok Village)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31334/n4s4tb71Keywords:
Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa); Merah Putih Village Cooperative; Village social capital; Collaborative governance; Rural institutional transformation;Abstract
Transformasi kelembagaan ekonomi perdesaan di Indonesia semakin kompleks seiring munculnya program Koperasi Desa Merah Putih yang berdampingan dengan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis transformasi tata kelola ekonomi perdesaan dalam dinamika kelembagaan antara BUM Desa yang belum optimal dan program Koperasi Desa Merah Putih. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus di Desa Bioa Sengok, Kabupaten Lebong. Data dikumpulkan melalui diskusi kelompok terarah dan dianalisis menggunakan pengodean terbuka, aksial, dan selektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat tahap transformasi, yaitu inisiasi, respons lokal, adaptasi, dan implementasi parsial, yang mencerminkan proses negosiasi antara kebijakan dari atas dan kapasitas adaptif masyarakat desa. Modal sosial, terutama kepercayaan dan norma komunal, menjadi faktor pendukung utama. Sebaliknya, ketidakpastian regulasi, keterbatasan administrasi, konflik kewenangan, dan lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor menjadi hambatan struktural. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan konsep transformasi kelembagaan ganda, yaitu perubahan dan interaksi simultan dua kelembagaan ekonomi dalam satu ekosistem perdesaan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya sinkronisasi kelembagaan, transformasi yang bertahap dan partisipatif, penguatan kapasitas multidimensi, serta pengakuan terhadap konteks kelembagaan lokal untuk mewujudkan tata kelola ekonomi perdesaan yang berkelanjutan.
Abstract
The transformation of rural economic institutions in Indonesia has become increasingly complex following the emergence of the Merah Putih Village Cooperative alongside existing Village-Owned Enterprises (BUM Desa). This study examines how rural economic governance transforms amid institutional dynamics between sub-optimal BUM Desa and the Merah Putih Village Cooperative programme. Using a qualitative case study in Bioa Sengok Village, Lebong District, data were collected through focus group discussions and analysed using open, axial, and selective coding. The findings identify four transformation phases: initiation, local response, adaptation, and partial implementation, reflecting continuous negotiation between top-down policy and local adaptive capacity. Strong social capital, particularly trust and communal norms, supported the process, while regulatory uncertainty, administrative limitations, authority conflicts, and weak cross-sectoral coordination constrained it. The study introduces the concept of dual institutional transformation, highlighting the simultaneous evolution and interaction of two rural economic institutions within a shared local ecosystem. It underscores the need for institutional synchronisation, participatory and gradual transformation, multidimensional capacity building, and recognition of local institutional contexts to strengthen sustainable rural economic governance.
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